Faith and Beauty, IMAGO DEI, Round the Moon

Volume XV, Issue IX

Faith and Beauty
Images that Lead to Worship and Relationship with God


North Rose Window, Notre Dame de Paris.


North Rose Window, Notre Dame de Paris.


Sound Sculpture, Xaver Wilhelmy's design for functional glass organ pipes in a window combines beautiful visual imagery with beautiful music. Rendering by Bob Kirchman.

Catholicism and Beauty
By Bishop Robert Barron


A refreshing perspective on the place of the beautiful in leading to Faith.

Plato's Symposium

[click to read]


Diotima, painting by Józef Simmler, 1855. In Plato's Symposium the members of a party discuss the meaning of love. Socrates says that in his youth he was taught "the philosophy of love" by Diotima, who was a seer or priestess. Socrates also claims that Diotima successfully postponed the Plague of Athens. In a dialogue that Socrates recounts at the symposium, Diotima gives Socrates a genealogy of Love (Eros), stating that he is the son of "resource and poverty". In her view, love is a means of ascent to contemplation of the Divine. For Diotima, the most correct use of love of other human beings is to direct one's mind to love of Divinity. The beautiful beloved inspires the mind and the soul and directs one's attention to spiritual things. One proceeds from recognition of another's beauty, to appreciation of Beauty as it exists apart from any individual, to consideration of Divinity, the source of Beauty, to love of Divinity.

Concerning the things about which you ask to be informed I believe that I am not ill-prepared with an answer. For the day before yesterday I was coming from my own home at Phalerum to the city, and one of my acquaintance, who had caught a sight of me from behind, hind, out playfully in the distance, said: Apollodorus, O thou Phalerian man, halt! So I did as I was bid; and then he said, I was looking for you, Apollodorus, only just now, that I might ask you about the speeches in praise of love, which were delivered by Socrates, Alcibiades, and others, at Agathon's supper. Phoenix, the son of Philip, told another person who told me of them; his narrative was very indistinct, but he said that you knew, and I wish that you would give me an account of them. Who, if not you, should be the reporter of the words of your friend? And first tell me, he said, were you present at this meeting? (read more)

Love is...
The Ultimate Definition

Love never gives up.
Love cares more for others than for self.
Love doesn’t want what it doesn’t have.
Love doesn’t strut,
Doesn’t have a swelled head,
Doesn’t force itself on others,
Isn’t always “me first,”
Doesn’t fly off the handle,
Doesn’t keep score of the sins of others,
Doesn’t revel when others grovel,
Takes pleasure in the flowering of truth,
Puts up with anything,
Trusts God always,
Always looks for the best, Never looks back,
But keeps going to the end.
— 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 (MSG)

The Answer is IMAGO DEI
Start by Acknowledging the Image of God
By David M. Bailey

[click to read]

If you were to ask a random sample of people whether race matters in American society anymore, you would get a variety of answers. Many would say that great strides have been made since the civil rights movement. Looking back at Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream Speech,” they would offer that people are now judged by the content of their character rather than the color of their skin. Others would contest that racial identity still strongly influences many aspects of their lives in American society. How do we reconcile such opposing opinions? (read more)

From the Earth to the Moon









“The Father of the Lunar Module”
Thomas Joseph Kelly

We all knew that we were part of a majestic endeavour, and that we were making history happen.” – Tom Kelly

When John F. Kennedy challenged America to reach for the moon, the technology to actually land there and return safely to earth was but a concept. There was no precedent anywhere for the spaceship that would have to be built. The spacecraft developed by Tom Kelly and his Lunar Lander Team at Grumman Aircraft was the first of its kind. The stakes were high too. The craft would have to separate from the Command Module in lunar orbit, fire its descent engine to slow the craft so it would descend to the moon and then slow the craft as the astronauts set it down on the lunar surface. Because the moon has no atmosphere the craft had to descend using the rocket engine to brake it. After touchdown the astronauts would use the Lunar Module as their base and their home while they explored the moon, then the descent stage would become the launch pad for the ascent stage as it took off to rejoin the command module in space. All of this required multiple firings of the essential rockets. Everything had to work perfectly in a time-critical sequence or the astronauts would be stranded. There was no way to ‘hold’ the countdown and fix something as had been often done prior to launches on earth.

When Grumman won the contract, it was estimated that the spacecraft would cost $500 million to develop and produce, but as the seven years allotted for the project unfolded, the lunar lander proved to be much more of a challenge than anyone imagined. The first LEM was scheduled for a flight in the Fall of 1968 but as that deadline came and went engineers still worked to make the spacecraft ready. It was not until 1969 that the craft was actually flown for the first time by astronauts in earth orbit. Apollo 9 tested all of the functionality of the craft in earth orbit. Apollo 10 tested in lunar orbit but did not land on the moon. The Eagle, only the third lunar module to be flown, actually landed on the moon. The awkward little lunar lander, which had proved so difficult to develop for Kelly and his team, performed wonderfully. When Apollo 13 was crippled by an explosion in the service module, the LEM became the crew’s lifeboat. Without the critical systems of the lunar module the astronauts would have never made it home.

With NASA facing budget cuts and the American media yawning at America’s space aspirations, the agency opted for four more all-out Apollo missions with a much enhanced LEM that even included a lunar rover on the final missions. Then the Apollo Program was over. NASA refocused its resources on the Space Shuttle and the International Space Station – holding out the promise that these programs would lead to more deep space exploration in the future. The shuttle and the ISS proved to be very costly in their own right and maintaining those programs drained any resources that might have been used to take us back to the moon or on to Mars. Thus the lunar lander became a somewhat forgotten chapter in the history of space exploration. The fact remains that a group of dedicated men and women on Long Island devoted seven years of their life to developing a craft to land and function in deep space, landing on and returning from an airless world with 1/6 the earth’s gravity. They had to develop systems whose first trial would (and could only) be their actual use. This was perhaps the most ‘giant leap for mankind’ as far as spacecraft development. The machine they developed was so governed by weight requirements that it became a stripped-down spidery looking contraption unlike the streamlined Disney moon rocket of Tomorrowland. Tom Hanks, in the From the Earth to the Moon miniseries does well to compare building the LEM to Michelangelo painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. I love the comparison. Tom Kelly, Lunar Module Designer, died in March of 2002. I like to think he would truly appreciate it as well.


The development of the Lunar Module. NASA Photo.

Katherine G. Johnson
[click to read]

Born in 1918 in West Virginia, Katherine G. Johnson made the most of limited educational opportunities for African Americans, graduating from college at age 18. She began working in aeronautics as a "computer" in 1952, and after the formation of NASA, she performed the calculations that sent astronauts into orbit in the early 1960s and to the moon in 1969. Johnson was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015, and saw her story brought to light through a book and a feature film the following year. (read more)

Conversation with Katherine Johnson
The Savant Mathematician Who Mapped Trajectories





Joshua Coleman
The Unsung Hero of ‘Hidden Figures’

Then our sons in their youth will be like well nurtured plants. Our daughters will be like pillars carved to adorn a palace.” — PSALM 144:12

Perhaps the biggest story for motivating young people may be found ‘between the lines’ in the interviews with Katherine Johnson. That would be the story of her father, Joshua Coleman. She calls him the smartest person she has ever known and it is Joshua Coleman who passed on to his daughters their love of learning. A simple farmer and a logger, Coleman had a head for figures. He loved numbers and passed that love along to his children. He moved his family at one point 120 miles to Institute, West Virginia so his daughters could go to high school. There Katherine was able to accelerate her progress and not only finished high school in her teens, but college as well! The story is amazing, but is it rare and on some lofty plane where few can go? Now I must share the story of Ose F. Carpenter, my Grandfather. He had three daughters and passed a similar baton to them. O. F. Carpenter never completed college. He became ill and had to go home but as he worked in the family business manufacturing chicken coops, his genius was seen in the improvements he made to the process. At the end of his life he held several patents for machinery design.

His three daughters went to Westhampton, the women’s college now incorporated into the University of Richmond. Two studied physics, one psychology. All went on to do further study. My mother became an engineer/mathematician and did similar work to Katherine Johnson at the Martin Company in Baltimore. One of her sisters went on to medical school and became a prominent pediatric cardiologist. The other sister went to business school after college and after a semester found herself teaching classes there! Now I do not present this so as to brag on my brilliant ancestors. I present it as evidence that true genius may be nurtured in a humble environment and those who possess such Divine wonder may be quite ordinary people! I think of Dr. Ben Carson and his incredible mother, who inspired him to love learning. The story of his becoming a neurosurgeon begins with her incubating it!

One of the interviews with Katherine Johnson ends with the interviewer musing over what brilliance we are ‘missing’ by not providing education for illegal immigrants. I would challenge the interviewer to look closer to home. I do youth ministry in Waynesboro, Virginia and I see so much untapped potential. One young man who likes to identify as sort of a redneck surprised me when he embraced with fascination the concept of EX NIHILO (out of nothing) Creation. I thought THAT talk had gone way over their heads. Instead, this young man was eager to go discuss it with his astronomy teacher. The lesson I learned is that our young people are not to be underestimated. We need to keep offering them the best in the way of inspiration. Somewhere in Basic City (East Waynesboro) a brilliant young mind awaits. Our challenge is to help that young person find the spark of Divine inspiration!


Katherine Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. Her father, Joshua Coleman, worked at the Greenbrier resort in addition to farming and logging. 
Photo by Bob Kirchman.

Round the Moon
By Jules Verne

CHAPTER XXII, RECOVERED FROM THE SEA

The spot where the projectile sank under the waves was exactly known; but the machinery to grasp it and bring it to the surface of the ocean was still wanting. It must first be invented, then made. American engineers could not be troubled with such trifles. The grappling-irons once fixed, by their help they were sure to raise it in spite of its weight, which was lessened by the density of the liquid in which it was plunged.

But fishing-up the projectile was not the only thing to be thought of. They must act promptly in the interest of the travelers. No one doubted that they were still living.

Yes," repeated J. T. Maston incessantly, whose confidence gained over everybody, "our friends are clever people, and they cannot have fallen like simpletons. They are alive, quite alive; but we must make haste if we wish to find them so. Food and water do not trouble me; they have enough for a long while. But air, air, that is what they will soon want; so quick, quick!"

And they did go quick. They fitted up the Susquehanna for her new destination. Her powerful machinery was brought to bear upon the hauling-chains. The aluminum projectile only weighed 19,250 pounds, a weight very inferior to that of the transatlantic cable which had been drawn up under similar conditions. The only difficulty was in fishing up a cylindro-conical projectile, the walls of which were so smooth as to offer no hold for the hooks. On that account Engineer Murchison hastened to San Francisco, and had some enormous grappling-irons fixed on an automatic system, which would never let the projectile go if it once succeeded in seizing it in its powerful claws. Diving-dresses were also prepared, which through this impervious covering allowed the divers to observe the bottom of the sea. He also had put on board an apparatus of compressed air very cleverly designed. There were perfect chambers pierced with scuttles, which, with water let into certain compartments, could draw it down into great depths. These apparatuses were at San Francisco, where they had been used in the construction of a submarine breakwater; and very fortunately it was so, for there was no time to construct any. But in spite of the perfection of the machinery, in spite of the ingenuity of the savants entrusted with the use of them, the success of the operation was far from being certain. How great were the chances against them, the projectile being 20,000 feet under the water! And if even it was brought to the surface, how would the travelers have borne the terrible shock which 20,000 feet of water had perhaps not sufficiently broken? At any rate they must act quickly.

J. T. Maston hurried the workmen day and night. He was ready to don the diving-dress himself, or try the air apparatus, in order to reconnoiter the situation of his courageous friends.

But in spite of all the diligence displayed in preparing the different engines, in spite of the considerable sum placed at the disposal of the Gun Club by the Government of the Union, five long days (five centuries!) elapsed before the preparations were complete. During this time public opinion was excited to the highest pitch. Telegrams were exchanged incessantly throughout the entire world by means of wires and electric cables. The saving of Barbicane, Nicholl, and Michel Ardan was an international affair. Every one who had subscribed to the Gun Club was directly interested in the welfare of the travelers.

At length the hauling-chains, the air-chambers, and the automatic grappling-irons were put on board. J. T. Maston, Engineer Murchison, and the delegates of the Gun Club, were already in their cabins. They had but to start, which they did on the 21st of December, at eight o'clock at night, the corvette meeting with a beautiful sea, a northeasterly wind, and rather sharp cold. The whole population of San Francisco was gathered on the quay, greatly excited but silent, reserving their hurrahs for the return. Steam was fully up, and the screw of the Susquehanna carried them briskly out of the bay.

It is needless to relate the conversations on board between the officers, sailors, and passengers. All these men had but one thought. All these hearts beat under the same emotion. While they were hastening to help them, what were Barbicane and his companions doing? What had become of them? Were they able to attempt any bold maneuver to regain their liberty? None could say. The truth is that every attempt must have failed! Immersed nearly four miles under the ocean, this metal prison defied every effort of its prisoners. On the 23rd inst., at eight in the morning, after a rapid passage, the Susquehanna was due at the fatal spot. They must wait till twelve to take the reckoning exactly. The buoy to which the sounding line had been lashed had not yet been recognized.

At twelve, Captain Blomsberry, assisted by his officers who superintended the observations, took the reckoning in the presence of the delegates of the Gun Club. Then there was a moment of anxiety. Her position decided, the Susquehanna was found to be some minutes westward of the spot where the projectile had disappeared beneath the waves.

The ship's course was then changed so as to reach this exact point.

At forty-seven minutes past twelve they reached the buoy; it was in perfect condition, and must have shifted but little. "At last!" exclaimed J. T. Maston.

Shall we begin?" asked Captain Blomsberry.

Without losing a second."

Every precaution was taken to keep the corvette almost completely motionless. Before trying to seize the projectile, Engineer Murchison wanted to find its exact position at the bottom of the ocean. The submarine apparatus destined for this expedition was supplied with air. The working of these engines was not without danger, for at 20,000 feet below the surface of the water, and under such great pressure, they were exposed to fracture, the consequences of which would be dreadful.

J. T. Maston, the brothers Blomsberry, and Engineer Murchison, without heeding these dangers, took their places in the air-chamber. The commander, posted on his bridge, superintended the operation, ready to stop or haul in the chains on the slightest signal. The screw had been shipped, and the whole power of the machinery collected on the capstan would have quickly drawn the apparatus on board. The descent began at twenty-five minutes past one at night, and the chamber, drawn under by the reservoirs full of water, disappeared from the surface of the ocean.

The emotion of the officers and sailors on board was now divided between the prisoners in the projectile and the prisoners in the submarine apparatus.

As to the latter, they forgot themselves, and, glued to the windows of the scuttles, attentively watched the liquid mass through which they were passing.

The descent was rapid. At seventeen minutes past two, J. T. Maston and his companions had reached the bottom of the Pacific; but they saw nothing but an arid desert, no longer animated by either fauna or flora. By the light of their lamps, furnished with powerful reflectors, they could see the dark beds of the ocean for a considerable extent of view, but the projectile was nowhere to be seen. The impatience of these bold divers cannot be described, and having an electrical communication with the corvette, they made a signal already agreed upon, and for the space of a mile the Susquehanna moved their chamber along some yards above the bottom.

Thus they explored the whole submarine plain, deceived at every turn by optical illusions which almost broke their hearts. Here a rock, there a projection from the ground, seemed to be the much-sought-for projectile; but their mistake was soon discovered, and then they were in despair.

But where are they? where are they?" cried J. T. Maston. And the poor man called loudly upon Nicholl, Barbicane, and Michel Ardan, as if his unfortunate friends could either hear or answer him through such an impenetrable medium! The search continued under these conditions until the vitiated air compelled the divers to ascend.

The hauling in began about six in the evening, and was not ended before midnight.

To-morrow," said J. T. Maston, as he set foot on the bridge of the corvette.

Yes," answered Captain Blomsberry.

And on another spot?"

Yes."

J. T. Maston did not doubt of their final success, but his companions, no longer upheld by the excitement of the first hours, understood all the difficulty of the enterprise. What seemed easy at San Francisco, seemed here in the wide ocean almost impossible. The chances of success diminished in rapid proportion; and it was from chance alone that the meeting with the projectile might be expected.

The next day, the 24th, in spite of the fatigue of the previous day, the operation was renewed. The corvette advanced some minutes to westward, and the apparatus, provided with air, bore the same explorers to the depths of the ocean. The whole day passed in fruitless research; the bed of the sea was a desert. The 25th brought no other result, nor the 26th. It was disheartening. They thought of those unfortunates shut up in the projectile for twenty-six days. Perhaps at that moment they were experiencing the first approach of suffocation; that is, if they had escaped the dangers of their fall. The air was spent, and doubtless with the air all their morale.

The air, possibly," answered J. T. Maston resolutely, "but their morale never!"

On the 28th, after two more days of search, all hope was gone. This projectile was but an atom in the immensity of the ocean. They must give up all idea of finding it.

But J. T. Maston would not hear of going away. He would not abandon the place without at least discovering the tomb of his friends. But Commander Blomsberry could no longer persist, and in spite of the exclamations of the worthy secretary, was obliged to give the order to sail.

On the 29th of December, at nine A.M., the Susquehanna, heading northeast, resumed her course to the bay of San Francisco. It was ten in the morning; the corvette was under half-steam, as it was regretting to leave the spot where the catastrophe had taken place, when a sailor, perched on the main-top-gallant crosstrees, watching the sea, cried suddenly: "A buoy on the lee bow!"

The officers looked in the direction indicated, and by the help of their glasses saw that the object signalled had the appearance of one of those buoys which are used to mark the passages of bays or rivers. But, singularly to say, a flag floating on the wind surmounted its cone, which emerged five or six feet out of water. This buoy shone under the rays of the sun as if it had been made of plates of silver. Commander Blomsberry, J. T. Maston, and the delegates of the Gun Club were mounted on the bridge, examining this object straying at random on the waves.

All looked with feverish anxiety, but in silence. None dared give expression to the thoughts which came to the minds of all. The corvette approached to within two cables' lengths of the object.

A shudder ran through the whole crew. That flag was the American flag!

At this moment a perfect howling was heard; it was the brave J. T. Maston who had just fallen all in a heap. Forgetting on the one hand that his right arm had been replaced by an iron hook, and on the other that a simple gutta-percha cap covered his brain-box, he had given himself a formidable blow.

They hurried toward him, picked him up, restored him to life. And what were his first words?

Ah! trebly brutes! quadruply idiots! quintuply boobies that we are!"

What is it?" exclaimed everyone around him.

What is it?"

Come, speak!"

It is, simpletons," howled the terrible secretary, "it is that the projectile only weighs 19,250 pounds!" 

Well?"

And that it displaces twenty-eight tons, or in other words 56,000 pounds, and that consequently it floats!"

Ah! what stress the worthy man had laid on the verb "float!" And it was true! All, yes! all these savants had forgotten this fundamental law, namely, that on account of its specific lightness, the projectile, after having been drawn by its fall to the greatest depths of the ocean, must naturally return to the surface. And now it was floating quietly at the mercy of the waves. The boats were put to sea. J. T. Maston and his friends had rushed into them! Excitement was at its height! Every heart beat loudly while they advanced to the projectile. What did it contain? Living or dead?

Living, yes! living, at least unless death had struck Barbicane and his two friends since they had hoisted the flag. Profound silence reigned on the boats. All were breathless. Eyes no longer saw. One of the scuttles of the projectile was open. Some pieces of glass remained in the frame, showing that it had been broken. This scuttle was actually five feet above the water. A boat came alongside, that of J. T. Maston, and J. T. Maston rushed to the broken window.

At that moment they heard a clear and merry voice, the voice of Michel Ardan, exclaiming in an accent of triumph: "White all, Barbicane, white all!"

Barbicane, Michel Ardan, and Nicholl were playing at dominoes!

CHAPTER XXIII, THE END

We may remember the intense sympathy which had accompanied the travelers on their departure. If at the beginning of the enterprise they had excited such emotion both in the old and new world, with what enthusiasm would they be received on their return! The millions of spectators which had beset the peninsula of Florida, would they not rush to meet these sublime adventurers? Those legions of strangers, hurrying from all parts of the globe toward the American shores, would they leave the Union without having seen Barbicane, Nicholl, and Michel Ardan? No! and the ardent passion of the public was bound to respond worthily to the greatness of the enterprise. Human creatures who had left the terrestrial sphere, and returned after this strange voyage into celestial space, could not fail to be received as the prophet Elias would be if he came back to earth. To see them first, and then to hear them, such was the universal longing.

Barbicane, Michel Ardan, Nicholl, and the delegates of the Gun Club, returning without delay to Baltimore, were received with indescribable enthusiasm. The notes of President Barbicane's voyage were ready to be given to the public. The New York Herald bought the manuscript at a price not yet known, but which must have been very high. Indeed, during the publication of "A Journey to the Moon," the sale of this paper amounted to five millions of copies. Three days after the return of the travelers to the earth, the slightest detail of their expedition was known.

There remained nothing more but to see the heroes of this superhuman enterprise.

The expedition of Barbicane and his friends round the moon had enabled them to correct the many admitted theories regarding the terrestrial satellite. These savants had observed de visu, and under particular circumstances. They knew what systems should be rejected, what retained with regard to the formation of that orb, its origin, its habitability. Its past, present, and future had even given up their last secrets. Who could advance objections against conscientious observers, who at less than twenty-four miles distance had marked that curious mountain of Tycho, the strangest system of lunar orography? How answer those savants whose sight had penetrated the abyss of Pluto's circle? How contradict those bold ones whom the chances of their enterprise had borne over that invisible face of the disc, which no human eye until then had ever seen? It was now their turn to impose some limit on that selenographic science, which had reconstructed the lunar world as Cuvier did the skeleton of a fossil, and say, "The moon was this, a habitable world, inhabited before the earth. The moon is that, a world uninhabitable, and now uninhabited."

To celebrate the return of its most illustrious member and his two companions, the Gun Club decided upon giving a banquet, but a banquet worthy of the conquerors, worthy of the American people, and under such conditions that all the inhabitants of the Union could directly take part in it.

All the head lines of railroads in the States were joined by flying rails; and on all the platforms, lined with the same flags, and decorated with the same ornaments, were tables laid and all served alike. At certain hours, successively calculated, marked by electric clocks which beat the seconds at the same time, the population were invited to take their places at the banquet tables. For four days, from the 5th to the 9th of January, the trains were stopped as they are on Sundays on the railways of the United States, and every road was open. One engine only at full speed, drawing a triumphal carriage, had the right of traveling for those four days on the railroads of the United States.

The engine was manned by a driver and a stoker, and bore, by special favor, the Hon. J. T. Maston, secretary of the Gun Club. The carriage was reserved for President Barbicane, Colonel Nicholl, and Michel Ardan. At the whistle of the driver, amid the hurrahs, and all the admiring vociferations of the American language, the train left the platform of Baltimore. It traveled at a speed of one hundred and sixty miles in the hour. But what was this speed compared with that which had carried the three heroes from the mouth of the Columbiad?

Thus they sped from one town to the other, finding whole populations at table on their road, saluting them with the same acclamations, lavishing the same bravos! They traveled in this way through the east of the Union, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire; the north and west by New York, Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin; returning to the south by Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana; they went to the southeast by Alabama and Florida, going up by Georgia and the Carolinas, visiting the center by Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and Indiana, and, after quitting the Washington station, re-entered Baltimore, where for four days one would have thought that the United States of America were seated at one immense banquet, saluting them simultaneously with the same hurrahs! The apotheosis was worthy of these three heroes whom fable would have placed in the rank of demigods.

And now will this attempt, unprecedented in the annals of travels, lead to any practical result? Will direct communication with the moon ever be established? Will they ever lay the foundation of a traveling service through the solar world? Will they go from one planet to another, from Jupiter to Mercury, and after awhile from one star to another, from the Polar to Sirius? Will this means of locomotion allow us to visit those suns which swarm in the firmament?

To such questions no answer can be given.
THE END

Ken Mattingly’s Wedding Band
Apollo 16 Astronaut’s Lost Ring

As Apollo 16 sped toward the moon in 1972, Astronaut Ken Mattingly made a disturbing discovery, his wedding ring was missing! It wasn’t until day nine of the mission that fellow astronaut Charlie Duke noticed the floating ring – about to drift out into space while Mattingly was engrossed in an experiment. As Duke tells it, he tried to grab the ring but missed. He got a lucky break when the ring bounced off Mattingly’s helmet and then Duke was able to grab it! Mattingly was a bachelor when he was pulled from the crew of Apollo 13 for fear of rubella (German measles) exposure. He married his wife Elizabeth in June of 1970. They have one son.

A Case for National Vison
By Bob Kirchman

The year was 1968. Christmas Eve fifty years ago saw us riveted to our television sets as the Apollo 8 astronauts read the creation account from GENESIS. Reaching the moon, a challenge handed to us by President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, became a national vision. We saw the need to keep pace with the Russians for our own survival. By making it into a civilian program and emphasizing peaceful exploration, Kennedy’s vision took us higher. While it is tempting to say “times were simpler then,” the truth is that the times were anything but simple. Dr. Martin Luther King was brutally murdered as he worked to bring basic rights to African-American people who themselves faced vicious threats. We forget how violent the times were. We forget about the conflict in Vietnam and the violent protests back home. We forget the challenges surrounding that time when we all came together to watch mankind reach for the moon.

Yesterday I listened to a Christmas speech by Ronald Reagan. It was amazing how direct his words were as he addressed the oppression in Poland at the time. I think Lech Wałęsa, the head of Solidarity, was in prison at the time. Those were troubled times as well. My point is that I don’t think we have to wait for some time of national harmony before we pursue vision again – we need to pursue vision in turbulent times. What would happen if our leadership challenged the Russians again? What if we challenged them in bringing new trade routes through the world through a project to join Asia to North America through a Bering Strait Bridge? If we’re supposed to be guilty of ‘colluding with Russia,’ why not ‘collude!’ But let us do so in a way that truly brings the world together. The great ships and industries that ushered in the richness of the Twentieth Century did not exist in prior centuries. They were built around the turn of the century! We need to give our children and grandchildren better vision. We need to teach them to reach for the stars like we did fifty years ago.

Our young people need people in their lives like Sonya Carson and Joshua Coleman, who convinced their children that they could indeed succeed when taking on the challenges that faced them. Sonya’s son Ben became the famed neurosurgeon. Coleman’s daughter Katherine plotted John Glenn’s launch trajectory and pinpointed his landing. She continued with the space program through Gemini, Apollo and the Space Shuttle. The purpose of national goals, it might be rightly said, is to place a shared vision in front of just such young people as we seek to meet the challenges of our day. Though not all will embrace the vision, it should be wide enough that it is seen by most as a shared goal. Securing our position on the high ground of space was seen as generally supporting the strength and health of America. It had the effect of creating opportunity for those like Katherine Johnson who participated in it. Not only did it create new opportunity for a broad spectrum of the population, the space program also gave us new technologies and materials. That birthed a host of new and beneficial industries. Artificial hips and solar energy spring from space research, to name a few.


Image of Moses in the U. S. Capitol. Architect of the Capitol.

How Christianity Changed the World
[click to read]

By Jason Benedict

How Christianity Changed the World is worthy of the commitment it takes to finish. In this lengthy work, Alvin Schmidt does an excellent and thorough job of showing how Christianity and the teachings of Christ have changed the world for the better. He traces the impact of Christianity on values that many in the world take for granted. This impact can be seen in many places, but none more evident than in the value we put on human life. Our modern day value of human life was rooted in teachings of Christ and the actions of early Christians in rescuing newborn babies abandoned on the trash heaps of Rome. Whether through infanticide, gladiatorial games, glorification of suicide or human sacrifice there was an almost global attitude that human life was cheap before Christianity. The most beneficial institutions of our society find their roots in the influence of Jesus Christ. Early Christians founded the first hospitals, orphanages, and feeding programs combating the pervading view of the time than it would be better to just let the sick, the poor, and the orphans die. Monastic libraries provided the inspiration for the first universities in the twelfth and thirteenth century. (read more)

From the Earth to the Moon









The Last Words on the Moon
The Legend and the Transcript

Forty-six years ago the last American mission to the moon wrapped up on December 14th as the last lunar module ascent stage blasted off to bring astronauts Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt home from the moon. Cernan had prepared a little speech to give before they lifted off and he delivered it like this: “As I take man's last step from the surface, back home for some time to come (but we believe not too long into the future), I'd like to just say what I believe history will record: That America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow. And, as we leave the Moon at Taurus-Littrow, we leave as we came and, God willing, as we shall return: with peace and hope for all mankind.” Cernan’s daughter had asked him to bring her back a moonbeam and his last act before reentering the lunar module was to write her name in the lunar soil.

But now the delicate business of getting off the moon began. NASA logged transcripts of crew communications and the official transcript reads as follows:

188:00:38 Cernan: Take your final look at the valley of Taurus-Littrow, except from orbit. (Pause) Okay, one minute, Houston. We're 50 seconds now, and we're Go.
188:00:51 Fullerton: Roger. You're looking good here.
188:00:55 Schmitt: I'll get that (camera) at 30.
188:00:57 Cernan: Okay. (Pause)
188:01:10 Schmitt: Camera's not going to run without me holding it.
188:01:20 Cernan: Okay. Average G, 20 seconds.
[Cernan - "This was a routine in the PGNS to start recording data from the accelerometers."]
188:01:23 Schmitt: Ah, shoot!
188:01:25 Cernan: Okay. Now, let's get off. Forget the camera. (Garbled)...
MPEG Clip by Kipp Teague (30 sec; 3.9 Mb)
188:01:27 Schmitt: Ten seconds.
188:01:28 Cernan: ...10 seconds.
188:01:29 LM Crew: Abort Stage.
188:01:30 Cernan: ...pushed. Engine Arm is Ascent.
188:01:32 Schmitt: Okay. I'm going to get the Pro. (Pause) 99 Proceeded 3, 2, 1...
188:01:39 Schmitt: Ignition.

Walter Cunningham in his book The All-American Boys, insists that Cernan’s last words on the moon were “Let’s get this mother out of here.” When offered the official transcript, he says that it actually happened in the 188:01:25 remark by Cernan (the garbled part), but even if that was the garbled message, the context is more like “get back to the time-critical business of preparing for liftoff.” It makes a good addition to the legend of twelve very human Americans who walked on the moon, but if it happened at all, it was not so much a statement as a friendly admonition of one crewman to another to get back to business.

The astronauts were amazing men who took calculated risks in stride because they were pilots. Jack Schmitt was the first scientist-astronaut and the first of what we would call mission specialists today. Cernan, a pilot, might have certainly made the legendary remark but I think he and Schmitt were mostly focused on task and in the short bursts of communication mode necessary for the task at hand.

“You Saved 1968,” Mom and the Circus Acrobats

Volume XV, Issue VIII

Even the smallest person can change the course of the future.”
 – J. R. R. Tolkien

One Summer in my youth I worked as a janitor at NASA. It was an interesting job because we had to put on clean room suits and work in the actual clean rooms where spacecraft components were assembled and tested. We mopped floors, but we had to learn how to mop them so as to control the spread of dust. Grumman’s Orbiting Astronomical Observatory (a predecessor of the Hubble Space Telescope) was in our clean room and we were told over and over again that one speck of dust could cause this complex machine to fail in space. Thus the simple act of mopping a floor became mission critical! One day I was putting a bit of muscle into my mopping when a Grumman guy told me to back it down. “That’s a $10,000 mirror sitting there in its crate.” He told me. Lesson learned, it was the little actions by so many of us unknown people that had to be done right or the spacecraft wouldn’t fly.

“You Saved 1968”
The Legendary Telegram

The year 1968 was a difficult one. The war in Vietnam raged on. At home Dr. Martin Luther King’s assassination and that of Bobby Kennedy made for uncertain times. We forget sometimes that the 1960s were a time when our nation was divided in so many ways and the threat of Soviet military might loomed heavy over us. It was in that time that President John Kennedy artfully redirected our space program into a civilian program that would muster the best in us for a lofty endeavor. He challenged us to go to the moon.

For years we played catch-up with the Russians, but on Christmas Eve, 1968, three American Astronauts read from Genesis as they orbited the moon. They were the first humans to fly into deep space and circumnavigate another world. Fifty years ago they charted a course to a place where man had never ventured before and for a brief moment they brought us all together. It is reported that they received an anonymous telegram summing up what their mission meant to a watching world. In an interview, the Astronauts put it in these words:

Lovell: I think that Bill got this telegram that said what, "You made 1968."

Borman: Saved.

Anders: Right.

Lovell: "You saved 1968."

The Doctor Behind Shepard's Apollo 14 Flight
[click to read]

Astronaut Alan Shepard, the first American in space and the first man to play golf on the moon, never forgot that Dr. William House of Newport Beach helped him get there. House performed delicate ear surgery on Shepard, allowing him to return to space in 1971. The famed astronaut's expression of thanks made House a historical footnote in the NASA space program. (read more)

From the Earth to the Moon









(to be continued)

“Narnia Beckons”
Photo by Bob Kirchman



Round the Moon
By Jules Verne

CHAPTER XIX, A STRUGGLE AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE

For a long time Barbicane and his companions looked silently and sadly upon that world which they had only seen from a distance, as Moses saw the land of Canaan, and which they were leaving without a possibility of ever returning to it. The projectile's position with regard to the moon had altered, and the base was now turned to the earth.

This change, which Barbicane verified, did not fail to surprise them. If the projectile was to gravitate round the satellite in an elliptical orbit, why was not its heaviest part turned toward it, as the moon turns hers to the earth? That was a difficult point. In watching the course of the projectile they could see that on leaving the moon it followed a course analogous to that traced in approaching her. It was describing a very long ellipse, which would most likely extend to the point of equal attraction, where the influences of the earth and its satellite are neutralized.

Such was the conclusion which Barbicane very justly drew from facts already observed, a conviction which his two friends shared with him.

And when arrived at this dead point, what will become of us?" asked Michel Ardan.

We don't know," replied Barbicane.

But one can draw some hypotheses, I suppose?"

Two," answered Barbicane; "either the projectile's speed will be insufficient, and it will remain forever immovable on this line of double attraction----"

I prefer the other hypothesis, whatever it may be," interrupted Michel.

Or," continued Barbicane, "its speed will be sufficient, and it will continue its elliptical course, to gravitate forever around the orb of night."

A revolution not at all consoling," said Michel, "to pass to the state of humble servants to a moon whom we are accustomed to look upon as our own handmaid. So that is the fate in store for us?"

Neither Barbicane nor Nicholl answered.

You do not answer," continued Michel impatiently.

There is nothing to answer," said Nicholl.

Is there nothing to try?"

No," answered Barbicane. "Do you pretend to fight against the impossible?"

Why not? Do one Frenchman and two Americans shrink from such a word?"

But what would you do?"

Subdue this motion which is bearing us away."

Subdue it?"

Yes," continued Michel, getting animated, "or else alter it, and employ it to the accomplishment of our own ends."

And how?"

That is your affair. If artillerymen are not masters of their projectile they are not artillerymen. If the projectile is to command the gunner, we had better ram the gunner into the gun. My faith! fine savants! who do not know what is to become of us after inducing me----"

Inducing you!" cried Barbicane and Nicholl. "Inducing you! What do you mean by that?"

No recrimination," said Michel. "I do not complain, the trip has pleased me, and the projectile agrees with me; but let us do all that is humanly possible to do the fall somewhere, even if only on the moon."

We ask no better, my worthy Michel," replied Barbicane, "but means fail us."

We cannot alter the motion of the projectile?"

No."

Nor diminish its speed?"

No."

Not even by lightening it, as they lighten an overloaded vessel?"

What would you throw out?" said Nicholl. "We have no ballast on board; and indeed it seems to me that if lightened it would go much quicker."

Slower."

Quicker." "Neither slower nor quicker," said Barbicane, wishing to make his two friends agree; "for we float is space, and must no longer consider specific weight."

Very well," cried Michel Ardan in a decided voice; "then their remains but one thing to do."

What is it?" asked Nicholl.

Breakfast," answered the cool, audacious Frenchman, who always brought up this solution at the most difficult juncture.

In any case, if this operation had no influence on the projectile's course, it could at least be tried without inconvenience, and even with success from a stomachic point of view.

Certainly Michel had none but good ideas. They breakfasted then at two in the morning; the hour mattered little. Michel served his usual repast, crowned by a glorious bottle drawn from his private cellar. If ideas did not crowd on their brains, we must despair of the Chambertin of 1853. The repast finished, observation began again. Around the projectile, at an invariable distance, were the objects which had been thrown out. Evidently, in its translatory motion round the moon, it had not passed through any atmosphere, for the specific weight of these different objects would have checked their relative speed.

On the side of the terrestrial sphere nothing was to be seen. The earth was but a day old, having been new the night before at twelve; and two days must elapse before its crescent, freed from the solar rays, would serve as a clock to the Selenites, as in its rotary movement each of its points after twenty-four hours repasses the same lunar meridian.

On the moon's side the sight was different; the orb shone in all her splendor amid innumerable constellations, whose purity could not be troubled by her rays. On the disc, the plains were already returning to the dark tint which is seen from the earth. The other part of the nimbus remained brilliant, and in the midst of this general brilliancy Tycho shone prominently like a sun.

Barbicane had no means of estimating the projectile's speed, but reasoning showed that it must uniformly decrease, according to the laws of mechanical reasoning. Having admitted that the projectile was describing an orbit around the moon, this orbit must necessarily be elliptical; science proves that it must be so. No motive body circulating round an attracting body fails in this law.

Every orbit described in space is elliptical. And why should the projectile of the Gun Club escape this natural arrangement? In elliptical orbits, the attracting body always occupies one of the foci; so that at one moment the satellite is nearer, and at another farther from the orb around which it gravitates. When the earth is nearest the sun she is in her perihelion; and in her aphelion at the farthest point. Speaking of the moon, she is nearest to the earth in her perigee, and farthest from it in her apogee. To use analogous expressions, with which the astronomers' language is enriched, if the projectile remains as a satellite of the moon, we must say that it is in its "aposelene" at its farthest point, and in its "periselene" at its nearest. In the latter case, the projectile would attain its maximum of speed; and in the former its minimum. It was evidently moving toward its aposelenitical point; and Barbicane had reason to think that its speed would decrease up to this point, and then increase by degrees as it neared the moon. This speed would even become nil, if this point joined that of equal attraction. Barbicane studied the consequences of these different situations, and thinking what inference he could draw from them, when he was roughly disturbed by a cry from Michel Ardan.

By Jove!" he exclaimed, "I must admit we are down-right simpletons!"

I do not say we are not," replied Barbicane; "but why?"

Because we have a very simple means of checking this speed which is bearing us from the moon, and we do not use it!"

And what is the means?"

To use the recoil contained in our rockets."

Done!" said Nicholl.

We have not used this force yet," said Barbicane, "it is true, but we will do so."

When?" asked Michel.

When the time comes. Observe, my friends, that in the position occupied by the projectile, an oblique position with regard to the lunar disc, our rockets, in slightly altering its direction, might turn it from the moon instead of drawing it nearer?"

Just so," replied Michel.

Let us wait, then. By some inexplicable influence, the projectile is turning its base toward the earth. It is probable that at the point of equal attraction, its conical cap will be directed rigidly toward the moon; at that moment we may hope that its speed will be nil; then will be the moment to act, and with the influence of our rockets we may perhaps provoke a fall directly on the surface of the lunar disc."

Bravo!" said Michel.

What we did not do, what we could not do on our first passage at the dead point, because the projectile was then endowed with too great a speed."

Very well reasoned," said Nicholl.

Let us wait patiently," continued Barbicane. "Putting every chance on our side, and after having so much despaired, I may say I think we shall gain our end."

This conclusion was a signal for Michel Ardan's hips and hurrahs. And none of the audacious boobies remembered the question that they themselves had solved in the negative. No! the moon is not inhabited; no! the moon is probably not habitable. And yet they were going to try everything to reach her.

One single question remained to be solved. At what precise moment the projectile would reach the point of equal attraction, on which the travelers must play their last card. In order to calculate this to within a few seconds, Barbicane had only to refer to his notes, and to reckon the different heights taken on the lunar parallels. Thus the time necessary to travel over the distance between the dead point and the south pole would be equal to the distance separating the north pole from the dead point. The hours representing the time traveled over were carefully noted, and the calculation was easy. Barbicane found that this point would be reached at one in the morning on the night of the 7th-8th of December. So that, if nothing interfered with its course, it would reach the given point in twenty-two hours.

The rockets had primarily been placed to check the fall of the projectile upon the moon, and now they were going to employ them for a directly contrary purpose. In any case they were ready, and they had only to wait for the moment to set fire to them. "Since there is nothing else to be done," said Nicholl, "I make a proposition."

What is it?" asked Barbicane.

I propose to go to sleep."

What a motion!" exclaimed Michel Ardan.

It is forty hours since we closed our eyes," said Nicholl. "Some hours of sleep will restore our strength."

Never," interrupted Michel.

Well," continued Nicholl, "every one to his taste; I shall go to sleep." And stretching himself on the divan, he soon snored like a forty-eight pounder.

That Nicholl has a good deal of sense," said Barbicane; "presently I shall follow his example." Some moments after his continued bass supported the captain's baritone.

Certainly," said Michel Ardan, finding himself alone, "these practical people have sometimes most opportune ideas."

And with his long legs stretched out, and his great arms folded under his head, Michel slept in his turn.

But this sleep could be neither peaceful nor lasting, the minds of these three men were too much occupied, and some hours after, about seven in the morning, all three were on foot at the same instant.

The projectile was still leaving the moon, and turning its conical part more and more toward her.

An explicable phenomenon, but one which happily served Barbicane's ends.

Seventeen hours more, and the moment for action would have arrived.

The day seemed long. However bold the travelers might be, they were greatly impressed by the approach of that moment which would decide all-- either precipitate their fall on to the moon, or forever chain them in an immutable orbit. They counted the hours as they passed too slow for their wish; Barbicane and Nicholl were obstinately plunged in their calculations, Michel going and coming between the narrow walls, and watching that impassive moon with a longing eye.

At times recollections of the earth crossed their minds. They saw once more their friends of the Gun Club, and the dearest of all, J. T. Maston. At that moment, the honorable secretary must be filling his post on the Rocky Mountains. If he could see the projectile through the glass of his gigantic telescope, what would he think? After seeing it disappear behind the moon's south pole, he would see them reappear by the north pole! They must therefore be a satellite of a satellite! Had J. T. Maston given this unexpected news to the world? Was this the denouement of this great enterprise?

But the day passed without incident. The terrestrial midnight arrived. The 8th of December was beginning. One hour more, and the point of equal attraction would be reached. What speed would then animate the projectile? They could not estimate it. But no error could vitiate Barbicane's calculations. At one in the morning this speed ought to be and would be nil.

Besides, another phenomenon would mark the projectile's stopping-point on the neutral line. At that spot the two attractions, lunar and terrestrial, would be annulled. Objects would "weigh" no more. This singular fact, which had surprised Barbicane and his companions so much in going, would be repeated on their return under the very same conditions. At this precise moment they must act. Already the projectile's conical top was sensibly turned toward the lunar disc, presented in such a way as to utilize the whole of the recoil produced by the pressure of the rocket apparatus. The chances were in favor of the travelers. If its speed was utterly annulled on this dead point, a decided movement toward the moon would suffice, however slight, to determine its fall.

Five minutes to one," said Nicholl.

All is ready," replied Michel Ardan, directing a lighted match to the flame of the gas.

Wait!" said Barbicane, holding his chronometer in his hand.

At that moment weight had no effect. The travelers felt in themselves the entire disappearance of it. They were very near the neutral point, if they did not touch it.

One o'clock," said Barbicane.

Michel Ardan applied the lighted match to a train in communication with the rockets. No detonation was heard in the inside, for there was no air. But, through the scuttles, Barbicane saw a prolonged smoke, the flames of which were immediately extinguished.

The projectile sustained a certain shock, which was sensibly felt in the interior.

The three friends looked and listened without speaking, and scarcely breathing. One might have heard the beating of their hearts amid this perfect silence.

Are we falling?" asked Michel Ardan, at length.

No," said Nicholl, "since the bottom of the projectile is not turning to the lunar disc!"

At this moment, Barbicane, quitting his scuttle, turned to his two companions. He was frightfully pale, his forehead wrinkled, and his lips contracted.

We are falling!" said he.

Ah!" cried Michel Ardan, "on to the moon?"

On to the earth!"

The devil!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, adding philosophically, "well, when we came into this projectile we were very doubtful as to the ease with which we should get out of it!"

And now this fearful fall had begun. The speed retained had borne the projectile beyond the dead point. The explosion of the rockets could not divert its course. This speed in going had carried it over the neutral line, and in returning had done the same thing. The laws of physics condemned it to pass through every point which it had already gone through. It was a terrible fall, from a height of 160,000 miles, and no springs to break it. According to the laws of gunnery, the projectile must strike the earth with a speed equal to that with which it left the mouth of the Columbiad, a speed of 16,000 yards in the last second.

But to give some figures of comparison, it has been reckoned that an object thrown from the top of the towers of Notre Dame, the height of which is only 200 feet, will arrive on the pavement at a speed of 240 miles per hour. Here the projectile must strike the earth with a speed of 115,200 miles per hour.

We are lost!" said Michel coolly.

Very well! if we die," answered Barbicane, with a sort of religious enthusiasm, "the results of our travels will be magnificently spread. It is His own secret that God will tell us! In the other life the soul will want to know nothing, either of machines or engines! It will be identified with eternal wisdom!"

In fact," interrupted Michel Ardan, "the whole of the other world may well console us for the loss of that inferior orb called the moon!"

Barbicane crossed his arms on his breast, with a motion of sublime resignation, saying at the same time: "The will of heaven be done!"

CHAPTER XX, THE SOUNDINGS OF THE SUSQUEHANNA

Well, lieutenant, and our soundings?"

I think, sir, that the operation is nearing its completion," replied Lieutenant Bronsfield.

But who would have thought of finding such a depth so near in shore, and only 200 miles from the American coast?"

Certainly, Bronsfield, there is a great depression," said Captain Blomsberry. "In this spot there is a submarine valley worn by Humboldt's current, which skirts the coast of America as far as the Straits of Magellan."

These great depths," continued the lieutenant, "are not favorable for laying telegraphic cables. A level bottom, like that supporting the American cable between Valentia and Newfoundland, is much better."

I agree with you, Bronsfield. With your permission, lieutenant, where are we now?"

Sir, at this moment we have 3,508 fathoms of line out, and the ball which draws the sounding lead has not yet touched the bottom; for if so, it would have come up of itself."

Brook's apparatus is very ingenious," said Captain Blomsberry; "it gives us very exact soundings."

Touch!" cried at this moment one of the men at the forewheel, who was superintending the operation.

The captain and the lieutenant mounted the quarterdeck.

What depth have we?" asked the captain.

Three thousand six hundred and twenty-seven fathoms," replied the lieutenant, entering it in his notebook.

Well, Bronsfield," said the captain, "I will take down the result. Now haul in the sounding line. It will be the work of some hours. In that time the engineer can light the furnaces, and we shall be ready to start as soon as you have finished. It is ten o'clock, and with your permission, lieutenant, I will turn in."

Do so, sir; do so!" replied the lieutenant obligingly.

The captain of the Susquehanna, as brave a man as need be, and the humble servant of his officers, returned to his cabin, took a brandy-grog, which earned for the steward no end of praise, and turned in, not without having complimented his servant upon his making beds, and slept a peaceful sleep.

It was then ten at night. The eleventh day of the month of December was drawing to a close in a magnificent night.

The Susquehanna, a corvette of 500 horse-power, of the United States navy, was occupied in taking soundings in the Pacific Ocean about 200 miles off the American coast, following that long peninsula which stretches down the coast of Mexico.

The wind had dropped by degrees. There was no disturbance in the air. The pennant hung motionless from the maintop-gallant- mast truck.

Captain Jonathan Blomsberry (cousin-german of Colonel Blomsberry, one of the most ardent supporters of the Gun Club, who had married an aunt of the captain and daughter of an honorable Kentucky merchant)-- Captain Blomsberry could not have wished for finer weather in which to bring to a close his delicate operations of sounding. His corvette had not even felt the great tempest, which by sweeping away the groups of clouds on the Rocky Mountains, had allowed them to observe the course of the famous projectile.

Everything went well, and with all the fervor of a Presbyterian, he did not forget to thank heaven for it. The series of soundings taken by the Susquehanna, had for its aim the finding of a favorable spot for the laying of a submarine cable to connect the Hawaiian Islands with the coast of America.

It was a great undertaking, due to the instigation of a powerful company. Its managing director, the intelligent Cyrus Field, purposed even covering all the islands of Oceanica with a vast electrical network, an immense enterprise, and one worthy of American genius.

To the corvette Susquehanna had been confided the first operations of sounding. It was on the night of the 11th-12th of December, she was in exactly 27@ 7' north latitude, and 41@ 37' west longitude, on the meridian of Washington.

The moon, then in her last quarter, was beginning to rise above the horizon.

After the departure of Captain Blomsberry, the lieutenant and some officers were standing together on the poop. On the appearance of the moon, their thoughts turned to that orb which the eyes of a whole hemisphere were contemplating.

The best naval glasses could not have discovered the projectile wandering around its hemisphere, and yet all were pointed toward that brilliant disc which millions of eyes were looking at at the same moment.

They have been gone ten days," said Lieutenant Bronsfield at last. "What has become of them?"

They have arrived, lieutenant," exclaimed a young midshipman, "and they are doing what all travelers do when they arrive in a new country, taking a walk!"

Oh! I am sure of that, if you tell me so, my young friend," said Lieutenant Bronsfield, smiling.

But," continued another officer, "their arrival cannot be doubted. The projectile was to reach the moon when full on the 5th at midnight. We are now at the 11th of December, which makes six days. And in six times twenty-four hours, without darkness, one would have time to settle comfortably. I fancy I see my brave countrymen encamped at the bottom of some valley, on the borders of a Selenite stream, near a projectile half-buried by its fall amid volcanic rubbish, Captain Nicholl beginning his leveling operations, President Barbicane writing out his notes, and Michel Ardan embalming the lunar solitudes with the perfume of his----"

Yes! it must be so, it is so!" exclaimed the young midshipman, worked up to a pitch of enthusiasm by this ideal description of his superior officer.

I should like to believe it," replied the lieutenant, who was quite unmoved. "Unfortunately direct news from the lunar world is still wanting."

Beg pardon, lieutenant," said the midshipman, "but cannot President Barbicane write?"

A burst of laughter greeted this answer.

No letters!" continued the young man quickly. "The postal administration has something to see to there."

Might it not be the telegraphic service that is at fault?" asked one of the officers ironically.

Not necessarily," replied the midshipman, not at all confused. "But it is very easy to set up a graphic communication with the earth."

And how?"

By means of the telescope at Long's Peak. You know it brings the moon to within four miles of the Rocky Mountains, and that it shows objects on its surface of only nine feet in diameter. Very well; let our industrious friends construct a giant alphabet; let them write words three fathoms long, and sentences three miles long, and then they can send us news of themselves."

The young midshipman, who had a certain amount of imagination, was loudly applauded; Lieutenant Bronsfield allowing that the idea was possible, but observing that if by these means they could receive news from the lunar world they could not send any from the terrestrial, unless the Selenites had instruments fit for taking distant observations at their disposal.

Evidently," said one of the officers; "but what has become of the travelers? what they have done, what they have seen, that above all must interest us. Besides, if the experiment has succeeded (which I do not doubt), they will try it again. The Columbiad is still sunk in the soil of Florida. It is now only a question of powder and shot; and every time the moon is at her zenith a cargo of visitors may be sent to her."

It is clear," replied Lieutenant Bronsfield, "that J. T. Maston will one day join his friends."

If he will have me," cried the midshipman, "I am ready!"

Oh! volunteers will not be wanting," answered Bronsfield; "and if it were allowed, half of the earth's inhabitants would emigrate to the moon!"

This conversation between the officers of the Susquehanna was kept up until nearly one in the morning. We cannot say what blundering systems were broached, what inconsistent theories advanced by these bold spirits. Since Barbicane's attempt, nothing seemed impossible to the Americans. They had already designed an expedition, not only of savants, but of a whole colony toward the Selenite borders, and a complete army, consisting of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, to conquer the lunar world.

At one in the morning, the hauling in of the sounding-line was not yet completed; 1,670 fathoms were still out, which would entail some hours' work.

According to the commander's orders, the fires had been lighted, and steam was being got up. The Susquehanna could have started that very instant.

At that moment (it was seventeen minutes past one in the morning) Lieutenant Bronsfield was preparing to leave the watch and return to his cabin, when his attention was attracted by a distant hissing noise. His comrades and himself first thought that this hissing was caused by the letting off of steam; but lifting their heads, they found that the noise was produced in the highest regions of the air. They had not time to question each other before the hissing became frightfully intense, and suddenly there appeared to their dazzled eyes an enormous meteor, ignited by the rapidity of its course and its friction through the atmospheric strata.

This fiery mass grew larger to their eyes, and fell, with the noise of thunder, upon the bowsprit, which it smashed close to the stem, and buried itself in the waves with a deafening roar!

A few feet nearer, and the Susquehanna would have foundered with all on board!

At this instant Captain Blomsberry appeared, half-dressed, and rushing on to the forecastle-deck, whither all the officers had hurried, exclaimed, "With your permission, gentlemen, what has happened?"

And the midshipman, making himself as it were the echo of the body, cried, "Commander, it is `they' come back again!"

CHAPTER XXI, J. T. MASTON RECALLED

It is `they' come back again!" the young midshipman had said, and every one had understood him. No one doubted but that the meteor was the projectile of the Gun Club. As to the travelers which it enclosed, opinions were divided regarding their fate.

They are dead!" said one.

They are alive!" said another; "the crater is deep, and the shock was deadened."

But they must have wanted air," continued a third speaker; "they must have died of suffocation."

Burned!" replied a fourth; "the projectile was nothing but an incandescent mass as it crossed the atmosphere."

What does it matter!" they exclaimed unanimously; "living or dead, we must pull them out!"

But Captain Blomsberry had assembled his officers, and "with their permission," was holding a council. They must decide upon something to be done immediately. The more hasty ones were for fishing up the projectile. A difficult operation, though not an impossible one. But the corvette had no proper machinery, which must be both fixed and powerful; so it was resolved that they should put in at the nearest port, and give information to the Gun Club of the projectile's fall.

This determination was unanimous. The choice of the port had to be discussed. The neighboring coast had no anchorage on 27@ latitude. Higher up, above the peninsula of Monterey, stands the important town from which it takes its name; but, seated on the borders of a perfect desert, it was not connected with the interior by a network of telegraphic wires, and electricity alone could spread these important news fast enough.

Some degrees above opened the bay of San Francisco. Through the capital of the gold country communication would be easy with the heart of the Union. And in less than two days the Susquehanna, by putting on high pressure, could arrive in that port. She must therefore start at once.

The fires were made up; they could set off immediately. Two thousand fathoms of line were still out, which Captain Blomsberry, not wishing to lose precious time in hauling in, resolved to cut.

We will fasten the end to a buoy," said he, "and that buoy will show us the exact spot where the projectile fell."

Besides," replied Lieutenant Bronsfield, "we have our situation exact-- 27@ 7' north latitude and 41@ 37' west longitude."

Well, Mr. Bronsfield," replied the captain, "now, with your permission, we will have the line cut."

A strong buoy, strengthened by a couple of spars, was thrown into the ocean. The end of the rope was carefully lashed to it; and, left solely to the rise and fall of the billows, the buoy would not sensibly deviate from the spot.

At this moment the engineer sent to inform the captain that steam was up and they could start, for which agreeable communication the captain thanked him. The course was then given north-northeast, and the corvette, wearing, steered at full steam direct for San Francisco. It was three in the morning.

Four hundred and fifty miles to cross; it was nothing for a good vessel like the Susquehanna. In thirty-six hours she had covered that distance; and on the 14th of December, at twenty-seven minutes past one at night, she entered the bay of San Francisco. At the sight of a ship of the national navy arriving at full speed, with her bowsprit broken, public curiosity was greatly roused. A dense crowd soon assembled on the quay, waiting for them to disembark.

After casting anchor, Captain Blomsberry and Lieutenant Bronsfield entered an eight-pared cutter, which soon brought them to land. They jumped on to the quay.

The telegraph?" they asked, without answering one of the thousand questions addressed to them.

The officer of the port conducted them to the telegraph office through a concourse of spectators. Blomsberry and Bronsfield entered, while the crowd crushed each other at the door.

Some minutes later a fourfold telegram was sent out--the first to the Naval Secretary at Washington; the second to the vice-president of the Gun Club, Baltimore; the third to the Hon. J. T. Maston, Long's Peak, Rocky Mountains; and the fourth to the sub-director of the Cambridge Observatory, Massachusetts.

It was worded as follows:

In 20@ 7' north latitude, and 41@ 37' west longitude, on the 12th of December, at seventeen minutes past one in the morning, the projectile of the Columbiad fell into the Pacific. Send instructions.-- BLOMSBERRY, Commander Susquehanna.

Five minutes afterward the whole town of San Francisco learned the news. Before six in the evening the different States of the Union had heard the great catastrophe; and after midnight, by the cable, the whole of Europe knew the result of the great American experiment. We will not attempt to picture the effect produced on the entire world by that unexpected denouement.

On receipt of the telegram the Naval Secretary telegraphed to the Susquehanna to wait in the bay of San Francisco without extinguishing her fires. Day and night she must be ready to put to sea.

The Cambridge observatory called a special meeting; and, with that composure which distinguishes learned bodies in general, peacefully discussed the scientific bearings of the question. At the Gun Club there was an explosion. All the gunners were assembled. Vice-President the Hon. Wilcome was in the act of reading the premature dispatch, in which J. T. Maston and Belfast announced that the projectile had just been seen in the gigantic reflector of Long's Peak, and also that it was held by lunar attraction, and was playing the part of under satellite to the lunar world.

We know the truth on that point.

But on the arrival of Blomsberry's dispatch, so decidely contradicting J. T. Maston's telegram, two parties were formed in the bosom of the Gun Club. On one side were those who admitted the fall of the projectile, and consequently the return of the travelers; on the other, those who believed in the observations of Long's Peak, concluded that the commander of the Susquehanna had made a mistake. To the latter the pretended projectile was nothing but a meteor! nothing but a meteor, a shooting globe, which in its fall had smashed the bows of the corvette. It was difficult to answer this argument, for the speed with which it was animated must have made observation very difficult. The commander of the Susquehanna and her officers might have made a mistake in all good faith; one argument however, was in their favor, namely, that if the projectile had fallen on the earth, its place of meeting with the terrestrial globe could only take place on this 27@ north latitude, and (taking into consideration the time that had elapsed, and the rotary motion of the earth) between the 41@ and the 42@ of west longitude.

In any case, it was decided in the Gun Club that Blomsberry brothers, Bilsby, and Major Elphinstone should go straight to San Francisco, and consult as to the means of raising the projectile from the depths of the ocean.

These devoted men set off at once; and the railroad, which will soon cross the whole of Central America, took them as far as St. Louis, where the swift mail-coaches awaited them. Almost at the same moment in which the Secretary of Marine, the vice-president of the Gun Club, and the sub-director of the Observatory received the dispatch from San Francisco, the Honorable J. T. Maston was undergoing the greatest excitement he had ever experienced in his life, an excitement which even the bursting of his pet gun, which had more than once nearly cost him his life, had not caused him. We may remember that the secretary of the Gun Club had started soon after the projectile (and almost as quickly) for the station on Long's Peak, in the Rocky Mountains, J. Belfast, director of the Cambridge Observatory, accompanying him. Arrived there, the two friends had installed themselves at once, never quitting the summit of their enormous telescope. We know that this gigantic instrument had been set up according to the reflecting system, called by the English "front view." This arrangement subjected all objects to but one reflection, making the view consequently much clearer; the result was that, when they were taking observation, J. T. Maston and Belfast were placed in the upper part of the instrument and not in the lower, which they reached by a circular staircase, a masterpiece of lightness, while below them opened a metal well terminated by the metallic mirror, which measured two hundred and eighty feet in depth.

It was on a narrow platform placed above the telescope that the two savants passed their existence, execrating the day which hid the moon from their eyes, and the clouds which obstinately veiled her during the night.

What, then, was their delight when, after some days of waiting, on the night of the 5th of December, they saw the vehicle which was bearing their friends into space! To this delight succeeded a great deception, when, trusting to a cursory observation, they launched their first telegram to the world, erroneously affirming that the projectile had become a satellite of the moon, gravitating in an immutable orbit.

From that moment it had never shown itself to their eyes-- a disappearance all the more easily explained, as it was then passing behind the moon's invisible disc; but when it was time for it to reappear on the visible disc, one may imagine the impatience of the fuming J. T. Maston and his not less impatient companion. Each minute of the night they thought they saw the projectile once more, and they did not see it. Hence constant discussions and violent disputes between them, Belfast affirming that the projectile could not be seen, J. T. Maston maintaining that "it had put his eyes out."

It is the projectile!" repeated J. T. Maston.

No," answered Belfast; "it is an avalanche detached from a lunar mountain."

Well, we shall see it to-morrow."

No, we shall not see it any more. It is carried into space."

Yes!"

No!"

And at these moments, when contradictions rained like hail, the well-known irritability of the secretary of the Gun Club constituted a permanent danger for the Honorable Belfast. The existence of these two together would soon have become impossible; but an unforseen event cut short their everlasting discussions.

During the night, from the 14th to the 15th of December, the two irreconcilable friends were busy observing the lunar disc, J. T. Maston abusing the learned Belfast as usual, who was by his side; the secretary of the Gun Club maintaining for the thousandth time that he had just seen the projectile, and adding that he could see Michel Ardan's face looking through one of the scuttles, at the same time enforcing his argument by a series of gestures which his formidable hook rendered very unpleasant.

At this moment Belfast's servant appeared on the platform (it was ten at night) and gave him a dispatch. It was the commander of the Susquehanna's telegram.

Belfast tore the envelope and read, and uttered a cry.

What!" said J. T. Maston.

The projectile!"

Well!"

Has fallen to the earth!"

Another cry, this time a perfect howl, answered him. He turned toward J. T. Maston. The unfortunate man, imprudently leaning over the metal tube, had disappeared in the immense telescope. A fall of two hundred and eighty feet! Belfast, dismayed, rushed to the orifice of the reflector.

He breathed. J. T. Maston, caught by his metal hook, was holding on by one of the rings which bound the telescope together, uttering fearful cries.

Belfast called. Help was brought, tackle was let down, and they hoisted up, not without some trouble, the imprudent secretary of the Gun Club.

He reappeared at the upper orifice without hurt.

Ah!" said he, "if I had broken the mirror?"

You would have paid for it," replied Belfast severely. "And that cursed projectile has fallen?" asked J. T. Maston.

Into the Pacific!"

Let us go!"

A quarter of an hour after the two savants were descending the declivity of the Rocky Mountains; and two days after, at the same time as their friends of the Gun Club, they arrived at San Francisco, having killed five horses on the road.

Elphinstone, the brothers Blomsberry, and Bilsby rushed toward them on their arrival.

What shall we do?" they exclaimed.

Fish up the projectile," replied J. T. Maston, "and the sooner the better."
(to be continued)

After the Rain
Photos by Bob Kirchman


Trail on Humpback Mountain.


Clouds in the Valley from Raven's Roost.

Mom and the Circus Acrobats

My mother was never one to miss using a teachable moment. One such moment came at a rather unusual place. The Clyde Beatty Cole Brothers Circus came to town one Summer and we all went. This was a real tent circus. We sat down close to the ring and I remember how massive an elephant really is when the elephants all step their front feet up on the back of the one in front of them. Well, if the elephants were impressive, our wiggly little selves became a bit less than respectful later on in the show. A troup of acrobats came on and made their moves look effortless. In fact, mom felt compelled to show us the true cost of their amazing performance.

The girls smiled as they went through their wonderful routine, but mom could see them just offstage from our vantage point and she said “look at the acrobats now.” You see, the once smiling girls now grimaced with pain as they picked cinders out of their hands. The sawdust in the ring had been lightly laid down over a parking area and the nasty cinders below it found their way into the girls’ palms. Probably it was only mom who noticed how heroic their performance really was.

That was how mom taught us to be more compassionate, not by a sermon so much as by always teaching us to be more observant. Many people around us are performing with a smile – but if we bother to watch them closely, we will notice that they too have cinders to pick.


Miss Lala at the Cirque Fernando 1879 Edgar Degas.

This quest may be attempted by the weak with as much hope as the strong. Yet such is oft the course of deeds that move the wheels of the world: small hands do them because they must, while the eyes of the great are elsewhere.”
– J. R. R. Tolkien